ADCY3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Possible application of Adcy3 as a target for insulin resistance and anti-obesity treatment has been implicated in a recent study by Liang et al.22 revealing that hepatic Adcy3 is upregulated in mice with HFD-induced obesity by liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as an obesity treatment option.