Forty-five patients (28%) had a Gal-3 level <15 and an LAD <40 (Group 1, 87% with Px-AF), 74 (46%) had either a Gal-3 level ≥15 or an LAD ≥40 (Group 2, 50% with Px-AF), and 41 (26%) had both a Gal-3 level ≥15 and an LAD ≥40 (Group 3, 29% with Px-AF). The gene discussed is LGALS3; the disease is atrial fibrillation.