Processes related to cytoskeletal remodeling and cellular junctions, as well as inflammatory responses (IL-2, IL-5, IL-18, CCL2, TNF, IFN, and TGF-β signaling) were also upregulated following infection with C. concisus BAA-1457 (Figs 2A and 3A). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is infection.