In view of the importance of the GL/NEFA cycle in insulin secretion and protection from glucolipotoxicity [11], and as whole-body Atgl-KO mice show cardiomyopathy, TG steatosis in various tissues and lower plasma levels of TG and NEFA that influence insulin secretion, it is important to understand the role of ATGL specifically in the beta cells in the control of insulin secretion, in the protection of fuel surplus toxicity in vivo and in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is cardiomyopathy.