In an intervention study with newly diagnosed T2D patients and participants with impaired glucose tolerance, carriers of the rs662799 minor allele, a marker to define ApoA5*2 haplotype [41], showed greater increases of triglyceride levels with a high carbohydrate diet (65 % energy from carbohydrates) rich in refined grains compared to major allele carriers [42]. The gene discussed is APOA5; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.