LEP and Autoimmunity: Nutritional status, through the secretion of leptin, one of the most abundant adipocyte-derived hormones, can control immune self-tolerance, setting the basis for an exaggerated immune response to altered self or non-self, leading to chronic inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and autoimmunity in subjects with risk factors (i.e. genetic predisposition, environment, sex, infectious agents, etc) [54, 55].