Specifically, IL-10 and TGF-β over-production were shown to decrease NK cell mediated functions including ADCC, down regulation of CD16 expression and IFNγ production16, 51, 52, our data however showed that the enhancement of CD16 expression on CD16− monocytes by these mediators conferred these monocytes with ADCC activity, which might be favorable for cancer immunotherapy. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.