Moreover, recent data suggest that, in general, patients with T2DM in China have poor glycemic control; a large observational study conducted at 209 hospitals across China found that patients had a mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 9.6 ± 2.0 % before initiation of basal insulin [6], and it has been reported that only 35.9 % of Chinese T2DM patients who are treated exclusively with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) achieve HbA1c levels of <7 % [7]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.