IL18 and cardiac hypertrophy: Majumdar et al. have reported that TSA caused significant induction of phosphatase and tensin homolog expression to counteract interleukin-18-induced proinflammatory signalling and cardiac hypertrophy43, while Kee et al. have reported that TSA-induced prevention of cardiac hypertrophy was mediated by Krüppel-like factor 4, a novel anti-hypertrophic transcriptional regulator44.