The final number of specimens and the percentage of tissues that were strongly positive for PPA1 were as follows: 180 cases of breast cancer (123/180, 68.3%), 55 cases of nonbreast cancer tissue (38/55, 69.1%), 123 cases of hepatoma (87/123, 70.7%), 76 cases of normal liver (44/76, 57.9%), 191 cases of lung cancer (133/191, 69.6%), 159 cases of normal lung (7/159, 4.4%), 71 cases of ovarian cancer (47/71, 66.2%), and 15 cases of normal ovary (0/15, 0.0.%). Here, PPA1 is linked to lung cancer.