Briefly, PPA1 expression in lung cancer is associated with tumor size, age, and smoking status (Table 3), but not with pathology, stage, tumor grade, tumor site, lymph node metastases, or gender; in ovarian cancer, PPA1 expression is associated with pathological grade (Table 4), but not with type, age, and stage, which suggests a relationship between PPA1 overexpression and the growth and development of tumors. The gene discussed is PPA1; the disease is lung cancer.