FLNA and periventricular nodular heterotopia: Females who lose a copy of FLNA present Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia (PH or PVH), a disorder that manifests as grossly normal-appearing cerebral cortex but ectopically placed nodular gray matter along the lateral ventricles (Eksioglu et al., 1996; Fox et al., 1998; Parrini et al., 2006; Sheen et al., 2001), while males carrying germline FLNA mutations often die prenatally of severe hemorrhage and cardiovascular defects (Bernstein et al., 2011; Eksioglu et al., 1996; Reinstein et al., 2013).