Those pathways specifically altered in primary tumors (Supplementary Table 3) were associated with an abnormally increased expression of genes that are involved in focal adhesion (e.g., PRKCA, CRK, and BCL2), PI3K-Akt signaling (e.g., PHLPP2, PRKCA, PPP2R3A and KIT) and cancer pathways (e.g., COL4A5, LAMC1 and BCL2L1). Here, PIK3CA is linked to cancer.