Together, this suggests that the anti-anxiety effects of testosterone might be mediated by changes in Bdnf. When we split the cohort into groups based on sex-related factors, the positive correlation between anxiety-like behavior and Bdnf expression was found in XY mice and in gonadal females only, suggesting that the effects of Bdnf expression on anxiety-like behavior are more salient in XY mice and in gonadal females. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is Anxiety.