Any perturbations to TGF-β/BMP regulation results in the pathogenesis of many diseases including those of the human skeleton, such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a disabling disease due to mutations of the conserved TGF-β type I receptor (Kaplan et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.