In contrast to recipient CD4+ T cells, the frequency of IFNγ+TNFα+ and IFNγ+ CD4+ RTEs did not alter significantly in response to infection, both in terms of proportion of total CD4+ RTEs (IFNγ+TNFα+, p = 0.6; IFNγ+, p = 0.3, data not shown) and proportion of cytokine producing CD4+ RTEs (IFNγ+TNFα+, p = 0.7; IFNγ+ p = 0.4; Fig 3E and 3F). Here, IFNG is linked to infection.