TGFB1 and viral hepatitis: An investigation on pregnancy outcomes in hepatitis E shows higher HEV loads in pregnant women with acute viral hepatitis and fulminant hepatic failure, and higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TGF-β1 than non-pregnant women, which suggests that high cytokine levels are correlated with severe liver injury in HEV infection (Kumar et al., 2014).