As is the case for TGFβ1, the calcium binding proteins S100A8/A9 are dual faced molecules that are not only involved in PDAC growth and dissemination, but can also form complexes with TGFβ1 thus concurring in further enhancing the spectrum of the effects evoked in cancer cells by this cytokine [28]. The gene discussed is IGKV1D-22; the disease is cancer.