SMAD4 and pancreatic neoplasm: EGF chronic stimulation was also associated with an increased matrigel invasion, but not with an increased cellular proliferation in both SMAD4 expressing or not expressing cells in agreement with previous findings from Levy and Hill [42], thus supporting the hypothesis that EGF exacerbates pancreatic cancer progression and that therapeutic strategies aiming to block the EGF-EGFR axis are potentially beneficial.