Multivariate analyses showed that PBMC at delivery of mothers with a history of infection during pregnancy but who were uninfected at delivery displayed significantly increased production of IFN-γ in response to both PHA and DBL-5 stimulation (p = 0.003 and p = 0.037, respectively) as well as increased PHA-specific IL-13 (p = 0.001) compared to PBMC of uninfected women (Fig. 4). The gene discussed is IL13; the disease is infection.