Furthermore, since our institutional routine health check-ups were performed annually and former researches have reported that after 6 months of 5-ARIs treatment the serum PSA levels will be reduced by half 53, using a PSA of >1.4 ng/mL rather than the explicit history of medication treatment would also lower the detection rates of clinical BPH both in subjects with and without MetS. Here, KLK3 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.