TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: Piotrowski et al. (2015) indicated the presence of significant contribution of TNF-α −308 A allele to arthritis and renal SLE manifestation, and that the TNF-α −308 G/A polymorphism may be a HLA-DRB1*03:01 haplotype-dependent genetic risk factor for SLE in a cohort of Polish population.