TNF and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: This T helper subset, by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-22 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease including RA, SLE, Behçet’s disease, type 1 diabetes, immune thrombocytopenia [47], psoriasis and MS [48].