As shown in Fig. 1, notably, compared to non-neurosyphilis patients, the average levels of CXCL13, CXCL8 and CXCL10 in neurosyphilis patients were 91.64 (ranged from 5.89 to 484.5), 3.22 (ranged from 1 to 12.8), 3.02 (ranged from 1.68 to 9.46) fold higher than those in non-neurosyphilis patients (p < 0.001), respectively. Here, CXCL13 is linked to neurosyphilis.