Moreover, simple tubular carcinomas (p = 0.015), complex carcinomas (p = 0.038), carcinomas and malignant myoepitheliomas (p = 0.01) and intraductal papillary carcinomas (p = 0.006) of FFPE samples exhibited significantly lower ESR1 gene expression than the group of lobular hyperplasia (S5 Fig). Here, ESR1 is linked to carcinoma.