CCL5 and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus: Lichen sclerosus was characterized by the overexpression of several genes associated with tissue remodeling and inflammation, including matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1, cytokine chemokine ligands 5 (RANTES), interleukin 4, transforming growth factor-β2 and its corresponding receptor [30].