TNF and bacterial infectious disease with sepsis: Three patients with refractory JIA reported here died with evidence of CVC-related bacterial sepsis caused by common pathogens (α-hemolytic Streptococcus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus): 2 while receiving high-dose systemic corticosteroids and methotrexate and after recent exposure to the anti–TNF-α biological DMARD infliximab; 1 during HSCT procedure.