However, patients with IgAN excreted greater amounts of Gd-IgA1 than did the renal-disease or healthy controls (IgAN, 28.0 ± 17.9; renal-disease controls, 20.6 ± 17.4; healthy controls, 6.6 ± 6.7 units/mg urinary creatinine; P < 0.0001 for IgAN patients versus renal-disease controls and IgAN patients versus healthy controls, P < 0.0001 for renal-disease controls versus healthy controls) (Figure 2(b)). This evidence concerns the gene IGHA1 and kidney disorder.