VEGFA and Hyperglycemia: Any pathological alterations in maternal hemodynamics; maternal blood properties (such as hypoxia or hyperglycemia); or growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt1), soluble endoglin (sEng) and inflammatory mediators may directly influence the growth, maintenance, and function of fetoplacental vessels.