We speculate that the observed prostate cancer survival effect could be the result of a net increase in the synthesis of retinoic acid (by ALDH1A2), which is particularly beneficial when the rate of conversion is affected by slower ADH activity in the presence of alcohol consumption (retinol and ethanol both being ADH substrates,44 and ethanol modulating retinoic acid synthesis in the rat prostate38). This evidence concerns the gene AVP and prostate carcinoma.