In contrast, the inhibition of MMP-9 ameliorates brain edema and infarct volume following cerebral ischemia (Rosenberg, 1995; Gasche et al., 1999; Asahi et al., 2001; Wang and Tsirka, 2005; Kelly et al., 2008; Yu et al., 2008; Hu et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene MMP9 and brain ischemia.