CCL4 and infection: In the case of macrophages, neutrophils are important contributors to their activation and recruitment at the site of infection through the release of cytokines and chemokines from activated neutrophils, such as IFN-γ that causes activation of macrophages [37, 38], while MIP-1α, MIP-1β [37, 39], and IL-17 [37, 40] attract them, suggesting that neutrophils may influence the phenomenon of macrophage differentiation into proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory subtype [37, 41, 42].