It has been suggested that TNF instill a refractory state in myeloma cells present in the bone marrow that then become resistant to TRAIL and other chemotherapeutic agents.8, 9 To capture this pathological role of TNF, we primed myeloma cells with TNF and subsequently exposed them to TRAIL at 8 h post-TNF treatment. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF10 and plasma cell myeloma.