PDCD10 and cerebral cavernous malformation: Accordingly, it has been reported that CCM3 mouse mutants only develop lesions in conjunction with severe astrocytosis at the lesion site, suggesting that injury of astrocytes may play a role in lesion formation (Louvi et al., 2011), a notion consistent with clinical reports of CCM developing or expanding after physical trauma, injury, or radiation (Cutsforth-Gregory et al., 2015, Louvi et al., 2011).