VEGFA and neoplasm: To investigate the signaling pathways involved in IFN-γ-mediated induction of VEGF-A expression in our BxPC-3 model further, tumor cells were exposed to the MEK inhibitor U0126, the PI3K inhibitor Ly29402, the FRAP/mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, or the inhibitor of flavin dehydrogenases (including Noxs) diphenylene iodonium [DPI], followed by IFN-γ stimulation.