Demonstration in the current study that increased DUOX2-mediated H2O2 production in human pancreatic cancer cell lines was intimately associated with overexpression of VEGF-A and HIF-1α suggests that DUOX2 activity may contribute to the establishment of a pro-angiogenic milieu that adversely affects clinical outcome for patients with pancreatic cancer [23, 24]. This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and familial pancreatic carcinoma.