VEGFA and cancer: For these authors, interfering with a series of signalling pathways including proteoglycans in cancer, neurotrophin signalling pathway, VEGF signalling pathway, central carbon metabolism in cancer, and p53 pathway and many ending executive factors such as cyclin B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdc2) and Cdc25C, and C-PC influenced the proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells.