This result was confirmed using a multivariable analysis (adjusted IRR [aIRR] 1.12; 95%CI 0.79–1.59), adjusted for age, gender, country of birth, HIV risk factor, HCV and HBV coinfection, presence of diabetes or hypertension, baseline and pre-TDF eGFR, CD4+ cell count, previous ARV experience, use of boosted-PI and calendar year. Here, CD4 is linked to coinfection.