Insulin release was determined in transfected INS-1E cells without E. coli infection, after short-term infection and after long-term infection and the comparison among the three conditions at the most significant glucose concentration of 16.6 mM, is reported in Fig 6, panel B. In non-infected cells, the insulin release at 16.6 mM glucose concentration significantly decreased 3.3 and 1.5 fold in cPLA2- and iPLA2-siRNA transfected cells, respectively, in comparison to non-transfected INS-1E cells. Here, INS is linked to escherichia coli infection.