They also demonstrate that optimal Chi3l1 activation of MAPK and Akt signalling, inhibition of apoptosis, amelioration of oxidant injury, mediation of melanoma metastasis, stimulation of TGF-β1 elaboration during lung metastasis and inhibition of Th2 and IL-13-induced inflammation require both IL-13Rα2 and TMEM219. Here, AKT1 is linked to melanoma.