In this study we analysed the peripheral blood components, i.e. CD14+ monocytes, CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+T lymphocytes (CD3+), CD80+, C-X-C chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3)+, CD27+ B lymphocytes (CD19+) and CD16+CD56+CD3− NK cells, for their association with arthritis development. The gene discussed is CD27; the disease is Arthritis.