SNCA and neurodegenerative disease: FBXO47 has a known association with papillary renal cell carcinoma.30 Located on chromosome 17, FBXO47 promotes protein ubiquitination and degradation via phosphorylation, which are critical mechanisms in many neurodegenerative diseases.30,31 This locus could provide an important mechanism to MSA pathology in light of the oligodendroglial α-synuclein burden, but requires further study to draw any conclusions.