INS and Mental deterioration: The higher the levels of IGF-1 and insulin were, the more severe the cognitive decline was (IGF-1: ß Stroop word reading, -4.56, p = 0.06; ß Stroop color naming, -3.50, p = 0.04; ß Stroop interference, -5.42, p = 0.02; and ß SDMT, -3.58, p = 0.02; Insulin: ß Stroop word reading, -0.19, p = 0.06; ß Stroop color naming, -0.19, p = 0.08; ß Stroop interference, -0.22, p = 0.03; and ß verbal fluency test, -0.25, p = 0.003).