Alternatively, these contradictory data again can be explained in terms of cell-specific actions: in mammary carcinoma and prostate cancer cells forced expression of TFF3 significantly increased cell proliferation, viability and survival [38; 46], whereas it triggered a strong pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effect in retinoblastoma cell lines investigated in our study. This evidence concerns the gene TFF3 and retinoblastoma.