Adenovirus-mediated REIC/Dkk-3 (Ad-REIC) overexpression acts via c-Jun-NH2-kinase (JNK) and c-Jun5, 7 and via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress6 to induce apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma and in prostate and testicular cancer cells, but not in non-cancer cells. This evidence concerns the gene DKK3 and testicular cancer.