APOB and atherosclerosis: Presently, the knowledge of the atherogenic process has been considerably refined using murine models of atherosclerosis through recognition of other important factors such as the subendothelial accumulation of apolipoprotein B–containing lipoproteins; the roles of macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, and dendritic cells; and the identification of specific chemotactic signals that regulate the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the lesion, such as extracellular RNA (eRNA) acting as a cofactor of VEGFR-2–coupled or other intracellular signaling pathways [279,280].