There is an argument regarding whether EMT-like changes of cancer cells actually contribute to their invasion and metastasis, whereas such changes might contribute to the drug resistance.44, 45, 46 Our results, however, clearly demonstrated that the ARF6-AMAP1-EPB41L5 mesenchymal pathway is critical to both the invasion/metastasis and the drug resistance. This evidence concerns the gene EPB41L5 and cancer.