ASAP1 and breast cancer: The small-GTPase ARF6 is primarily involved in the recycling of plasma membrane components.18 ARF6 and its downstream effector AMAP1 (also called DDEF1 or ASAP1) are frequently overexpressed in different breast cancer cells and promote invasion, metastasis and drug resistance.19, 20, 21, 22, 23 In this pathway, ARF6 can be activated by GEP100 (also called BRAG2) under receptor tyrosine kinases, such as epidermal growth factor receptor.24 Mechanistically, the ARF6-based pathway disrupts E-cadherin-based adhesion24 and promotes recycling of β1 integrins;25 hence appears to drive EMT processes.