NFE2L2 and brain ischemia: Furthermore, neither levels of HO-1 mRNA nor its protein expression was altered upon DMF or MMF treatment in Nrf2–/– mice with MCAO ischemia–reperfusion injury (Supplemental Fig. 3).These findings suggest that the Nrf2 pathway is essential for DMF and MMF to exert their protective role in brain ischemia–reperfusion injury.