MAVS and viral infectious disease: Interestingly, it has been recently demonstrated that cytoplasmic virus sensor and interferon responsive genes such as RIG-I, MDA5, MAVS, and PKR can concentrate and colocalize with SGs induced by virus infection, forming the so-called antiviral stress granules (avSG; Onomoto et al., 2012; Langereis et al., 2013) (Figure 4).