Recent in vivo work has demonstrated downregulation of the steroidogenic enzymes Cyp11a1 and Cyp17a1 in the testes of rat fetuses exposed to high-dose paracetamol (350 mg/kg/day) during the MPW (van den Driesche et al., 2015), which is supported by steroidogenic profiling data showing impaired conversion of progesterone to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone by CYP17A1, and possibly other downstream enzymes, in human adrenocortical carcinoma cells exposed to paracetamol in vitro (Holm et al., 2015). The gene discussed is CYP17A1; the disease is adrenal cortex carcinoma.