New biomarkers suggested for an accurate and earlier detection of AKI are various, including cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), etc. Among these, only cystatin C and NGAL seem to be reliable in selected patient cohorts and automated assay methods are commercially available. The gene discussed is CST3; the disease is acute kidney injury.