Oncogenic pathways may also be enhanced by de-repression of their suppressor pathways; inactivating mutation of the RAS antagonist NF1 confers resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma [20], and genetic lesions affecting PTEN (an antagonist of PI3K signaling) can confer resistance to inhibition of PI(3)Kα [21]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.