In melanoma, the MAPK pathway can also be activated as a result of mutations in BRAF genes (e.g., BRAFV600E) or loss of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) activity due to inactivating mutations (Coverley et al., 2002; Davies et al., 2002; Krauthammer et al., 2015). The gene discussed is NF1; the disease is melanoma.